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  1. GATE CS
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  3. General Aptitude

The monthly rainfall chart based on 50 years of rainfall in Agra is shown in the following figure. Which of the following are true? i. On average, it rains more in July than in December. ii. Every year, the amount of rainfall in August is more than that in January. iii. July rainfall can be estimated with better confidence than February rainfall. iv. In August, there is at least 100 mm of rainfall. A. (i) and (ii) B. (i) and (iii) C. (ii) and (iv) D. (iii) and (iv)

GATE 2014 · General Aptitude · Line Graph · medium

Answer: Statements (i) and (iii) are true. Option B is correct.

  1. Evaluate statement i: July average > December average: From the 50-year rainfall chart, July is the peak monsoon month with an average of roughly 200+ mm, while December is in the dry season with an average of only a few mm. Statement i is TRUE.
  2. Evaluate statement ii: Every year, August rainfall > January rainfall: For statement ii to hold for every year, even in the driest August over 50 years, the rainfall must exceed the wettest January. The chart shows August has a wide spread — the minimum value (lower whisker) could be quite low. Similarly, January can occasionally have some rainfall. This condition cannot be guaranteed to hold every single year. Statement ii is FALSE.
  3. Evaluate statement iii: July estimated with better confidence than February: On the chart, July's data points cluster tightly around its high mean — the spread (standard deviation or confidence interval width shown in the chart) is narrow relative to the scale. February is a dry month with near-zero rainfall, but its absolute spread is also very small. Comparing the confidence intervals shown on the chart, July's band is proportionally tighter (lower coefficient of variation), making July more predictable. Statement iii is TRUE.
  4. Evaluate statement iv: August has at least 100 mm every year: The chart shows that the minimum August rainfall over 50 years (the lower whisker or bound) is below 100 mm in some years. Therefore, it is not true that August always has at least 100 mm. Statement iv is FALSE.
  5. Identify the true pair: True statements: (i) and (iii). This matches option B.